full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Cheryl Hayashi: The magnificence of spider silk
Unscramble the Blue Letters
The 21 scpeeis are indicated here by this pehnglyoy, this evolutionary tree, that shows their genetic relationships, and I've colored in yellow the orb-web-weaving serdpis. If you look right here at the two red arrows, they point to the toughness values for the draglines of nephila clavipes and araneus diadematus. These are the two species of spiders for which the vast majority of time and money on synthetic spider silk research has been to rpcaetlie their dairngle silk proteins. Yet, their draglines are not the tehosgut. In fact, the toughest dragline in this survey is this one right here in this white reigon, a non orb-web-weaving spider. This is the dragline spun by scytodes, the spitting sedipr. Scytodes doesn't use a web at all to catch prey. Instead, stdcyeos sort of lurks around and waits for prey to get clsoe to it, and then immobilizes prey by spraying a silk-like venom onto that insect. Think of hunting with slliy string. That's how scytodes forages. We don't really know why scytodes needs such a tough dragline, but it's unexpected results like this that make bio-prospecting so exciting and wihohtlrwe. It frees us from the constraints of our imagination.
Open Cloze
The 21 _______ are indicated here by this _________, this evolutionary tree, that shows their genetic relationships, and I've colored in yellow the orb-web-weaving _______. If you look right here at the two red arrows, they point to the toughness values for the draglines of nephila clavipes and araneus diadematus. These are the two species of spiders for which the vast majority of time and money on synthetic spider silk research has been to _________ their ________ silk proteins. Yet, their draglines are not the ________. In fact, the toughest dragline in this survey is this one right here in this white ______, a non orb-web-weaving spider. This is the dragline spun by scytodes, the spitting ______. Scytodes doesn't use a web at all to catch prey. Instead, ________ sort of lurks around and waits for prey to get _____ to it, and then immobilizes prey by spraying a silk-like venom onto that insect. Think of hunting with _____ string. That's how scytodes forages. We don't really know why scytodes needs such a tough dragline, but it's unexpected results like this that make bio-prospecting so exciting and __________. It frees us from the constraints of our imagination.
Solution
- scytodes
- spider
- spiders
- replicate
- dragline
- toughest
- region
- species
- close
- silly
- phylogeny
- worthwhile
Original Text
The 21 species are indicated here by this phylogeny, this evolutionary tree, that shows their genetic relationships, and I've colored in yellow the orb-web-weaving spiders. If you look right here at the two red arrows, they point to the toughness values for the draglines of nephila clavipes and araneus diadematus. These are the two species of spiders for which the vast majority of time and money on synthetic spider silk research has been to replicate their dragline silk proteins. Yet, their draglines are not the toughest. In fact, the toughest dragline in this survey is this one right here in this white region, a non orb-web-weaving spider. This is the dragline spun by scytodes, the spitting spider. Scytodes doesn't use a web at all to catch prey. Instead, scytodes sort of lurks around and waits for prey to get close to it, and then immobilizes prey by spraying a silk-like venom onto that insect. Think of hunting with silly string. That's how scytodes forages. We don't really know why scytodes needs such a tough dragline, but it's unexpected results like this that make bio-prospecting so exciting and worthwhile. It frees us from the constraints of our imagination.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
spider silk |
11 |
spider silks |
5 |
silk fibers |
4 |
capture spiral |
4 |
silk proteins |
4 |
million years |
3 |
silk glands |
3 |
dragline silk |
3 |
repeat unit |
3 |
individual spider |
2 |
spend long |
2 |
long days |
2 |
individual silk |
2 |
silk gland |
2 |
tubuliform silk |
2 |
ampullate silk |
2 |
major ampullate |
2 |
silk gene |
2 |
flying prey |
2 |
toughest dragline |
2 |
toughness values |
2 |
studying spider |
2 |
ngrams of length 3
collocation |
frequency |
spend long days |
2 |
Important Words
- araneus
- arrows
- catch
- clavipes
- close
- colored
- constraints
- diadematus
- dragline
- draglines
- evolutionary
- exciting
- fact
- forages
- frees
- genetic
- hunting
- imagination
- immobilizes
- insect
- lurks
- majority
- money
- nephila
- phylogeny
- point
- prey
- proteins
- red
- region
- relationships
- replicate
- research
- results
- scytodes
- shows
- silk
- silly
- sort
- species
- spider
- spiders
- spitting
- spraying
- spun
- string
- survey
- synthetic
- time
- tough
- toughest
- toughness
- tree
- unexpected
- values
- vast
- venom
- waits
- web
- white
- worthwhile
- yellow